Yale University


   Department of Economics

Yale University > Department of Economics > Undergraduate Program

Course and Seminar Descriptions

For courses in other departments that may count toward the major, see the printed YCPS or consult the director of undergraduate studies.

*NOTE: Courses that are not offered are "greyed out"

INTRODUCTORY COURSES


Econ 108a/108b. Quantitative Foundations of Microeconomics
[Permission of instructor required]

Tolga Koker [M/W 2:30-3:45, WLH 114; F 9:25-10:15, WLH 114]
Introductory microeconomics with a special emphasis on quantitative methods and examples. Intended for students with limited or no experience with calculus.
    Enrollment limited. Preregistration is required by www.econ.yale.edu/undergrad/ugrad.htm by _____. Final enrollment list will be posted on the bulletin board at 28 Hillhouse Ave.
    May not be taken after
ECON 110a or 115a or b or 117a.


Econ 110a. An Introduction to Microeconomic Analysis
[Permission of instructor required]

Tolga Koker [M/W 11:35-12:50, WLH 114]
Tolga Koker [M/W 1:00-2:15, WLH 114]
Keith Gamble [T/Th 9:00-10:15, WLH 113]
Keith Gamble [T/Th 11:35-12:50]
Katerina Simons [M/W 11:35-12:50, WLH 117]
Katerina Simons [M/W 1:00-2:15, WLH 117]
Similar to ECON 115a or b, but taught as a lecture discussion with limited enrollment.
   Enrollment limited. Preregistration is required by www.econ.yale.edu/undergrad/ugrad.htm by _____. Final enrollment list will be posted on the bulletin board at 28 Hillhouse Ave
    May not be taken after
ECON 108a or b, 115a or b, or 117a.


Econ 111b. An Introduction to Macroeconomic Analysis
[Permission of instructor required]

Sigridur Benediktsdottir [T/Th 1:00-2:15 WLH 113]
Sigridur Benediktsdottir [T/Th 11:35-12:50 WLH 113]
Sigridur Benediktsdottir [T/Th 9:00-10:15]
Irasema Alonso [M/W 11:35-12:50 WLH 113]
Similar to ECON 116a or b, but taught as a lecture discussion with limited enrollment.
    Enrollment limited. Preregistration is required by www.econ.yale.edu/undergrad/ugrad.htm by _____. Final enrollment list will be posted on the bulletin board at 28 Hillhouse Ave.
  
May not be taken after ECON 116a or b.
   Prerequisite: ECON 108a or b, 110a, 115a or b or Econ 117a.


Econ 115a/115b. Introductory Microeconomics

Fall: Steven Berry [M/W 1:00-2:15, SLB AUD]
Spring: Timothy Guinanne [T/Th 1:00-2:15, SSS 114]
An introduction to the basic tools of microeconomics to provide a rigorous framework for understanding how individuals, firms, markets, and governments allocate scarce resources. The design and evaluation of public policy.
    May not be taken after ECON 108a.


Econ 116a/116b. Introductory Macroeconomics

Fall: Ray Fair [M/W 1:00-2:15, SLB AUD]
Spring: Anthony Smith [T/Th 1:00-2:15, DAVIES AUD]
An introduction that stresses how the macroeconomy works, including the determination of output, unemployment, inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates. Economic theory is applied to current events.
    May not be taken after ECON 111b.
    Prerequisite for ECON 116b: ECON 108a or b, 110a, 115a or b, or 117a.


INTERMEDIATE CORE COURSES


Econ 121a/121b (formerly 150a/b). Intermediate Microeconomics

Fall: Larry Samuelson [M/W 9:00-10:15 DAVIES AUD]
Spring: Dirk Bergemann [M/W 1:00-2:15 DAVIES AUD]
The theory of resource allocation and its applications. Topics include the theory of choice, consumer and firm behavior, production, price determination in different market structures, welfare, and market failure.
    After introductory microeconomics and completion of the mathematics requirement for the major or its equivalent. Elementary techniques from multivariate calculus are introduced and applied, but prior knowledge is not assumed. May not be taken after ECON 125a (formerly 152a).


Econ 122a/122b (formerly 154a/b) Intermediate Macroeconomics

Fall: William Nordhaus [M/W 11:35-12:50, DL 220] (LIMITED ENROLLMENT)
Spring: Bjoern Bruegemann [M/W 9:00-10:15, LUCE 101]
Contemporary theories of employment, finance, money, business fluctuations, and economic growth. Their implications for monetary and fiscal policy. Emphasis on empirical studies, financial and monetary crises, and recent policies and problems.
    After two terms of introductory economics and completion of the mathematics requirement for the major or its equivalent. May not be taken after ECON 126b (formerly 153b).


Econ 125a (formerly 152a). Microeconomic Theory

Dino Gerardi [M/W 1:00-2:15, LUCE 202]
Similar to ECON 121a or b but with a more intensive treatment of consumer and producer theory, and covering additional topics including choice under uncertainty, game theory, contracting under hidden actions or hidden information, externalities and public goods, and general equilibrium theory.
    After introductory microeconomics, and MATH 118a or b or 120a or b or equivalent. May not be taken after ECON 121a or b (formerly 150a or b).


Econ 126b (formerly 153b). Macroeconomic Theory

Giuseppe Moscarini [M/W 1:00-2:15, WLH 116]
Similar to ECON 122a or b but with a more intensive treatment of the mathematical foundations of macroeconomic modeling, and with rigorous study of additional topics.
    After two terms of introductory economics, and MATH 118a or b or 120a or b or equivalent. May not be taken after ECON 122a or b (formerly 154a or b).


ECONOMETRICS CORE COURSES


Econ 131a (formerly 161a). Econometrics and Data Analysis I

Staff [T/Th 11:35-12:50, DAVIES AUD]
Basic probability theory and statistics, distribution theory, estimation and inference, bivariate regression, introduction to multivariate regression, introduction to statistical computing.
    After introductory microeconomics and MATH 112a or b or equivalent.


Econ 131b (formerly 161b). Econometrics and Data Analysis II

Taisuke Otsu [T/Th 11:35-12:50, WLH 201]
Basic probability theory and statistics, distribution theory, estimation and inference, bivariate regression, introduction to multivariate regression, introduction to statistical computing.
    After introductory microeconomics and MATH 112a or b or equivalent.


Econ 132a (formerly 166b). Econometrics and Data Analysis I

Staff [T/Th 11:35-12:50]
Continuation of ECON 131a or b (formerly 161a or b), with a focus on multivariate regression. Topics include statistical inference, choice of functional form, heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, two-stage least squares, qualitative choice models, time series models, and forecasting. Emphasis on statistical computing and the mechanics of how to conduct and present empirical research.
    After two terms of introductory economics, completion of the mathematics requirement for the major, and ECON 131a or b or ECON 135a or a course in the STAT 101-106 series.


Econ 132b (formerly 166b). Econometrics and Data Analysis II

Joseph Altonji [T/Th 11:35-12:50]
Continuation of ECON 131a or b (formerly 161a or b), with a focus on multivariate regression. Topics include statistical inference, choice of functional form, heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, two-stage least squares, qualitative choice models, time series models, and forecasting. Emphasis on statistical computing and the mechanics of how to conduct and present empirical research.
    After two terms of introductory economics, completion of the mathematics requirement for the major, and ECON 131a or b or ECON 135a or a course in the STAT 101-106 series.


Econ 135a (formerly 162a). Introduction to Probability and Statistics

Xiaohong Chen [T/Th 9:00-10:15, BCT 102]
Foundations of mathematical statistics: probability theory, distribution theory, parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, regression, and computer programming.
    After introductory microeconomics and either MATH 118a or b or MATH 120a or b and 222a or b or 225a or b.


Econ 136b (formerly 163b). Econometrics

Edward Vytlacil [M/W 9:00-10:15, WLH 208]
Continuation of ECON 135a (formerly 162a) with a focus on econometric theory and practice: problems that arise from the specification, estimation, and interpretation of models of economic behavior. Topics include classical regression and simultaneous equations models; panel data; and limited dependent variables.
    After ECON 135a or with permission of instructor.


FIELD COURSES


[Econ 159a. Game Theory]

M/W 11:35-12:50, SSS 114
An introduction to game theory and strategic thinking. Ideas such as dominance, backward induction, Nash equilibrium, evolutionary stability, commitment, credibility, asymmetric information, adverse selection, and signaling are applied to games played in class and to examples drawn from economics, politics, the movies, and elsewhere.
    After introductory microeconomics. No prior knowledge of game theory assumed.


Econ 170a. Health Economics and Public Policy

Howard Forman [T/Th 2:30-3:45]
An application of economic principles to the study of the U.S. health care system. Emphasis on basic principles about the structure of the U.S. system, current problems, proposed solutions, and the context of health policy making and politics.
    After introductory microeconomics. May not be taken after or concurrently with ECON 467a.


Econ 180a. Introduction to the Chinese Economy

Dong Chen [TBA] Offered in Peking University
An overview of the Chinese economy, with attention to its rapid growth in the past two decades and its current challenges. The cultural and political background of the economy, China?s market transition, manufacturing and financial sectors, foreign trade, foreign direct investment and technology transfer, and the reform of state-owned enterprises.
Offered in Beijing, China. See under Peking University-Yale University Joint Undergraduate Program


Econ 182b. American Economic History

Benjamin Chabot [T/Th 1:00-2:15, ML 211]
The growth of the American economy since 1790, both as a unique historical record and as an illustration of factors in the process of economic development. The American experience viewed in the context of its European background and patterns of industrialization overseas.
    After two terms of introductory economics.


[Econ 186a. European Economic History, 1700-1815]

Timothy Guinnane [T/Th 9:00-10:15 WLH 114]
An examination of European economic growth and development from the late seventeenth century through the first stages of the British industrial revolution. Topics include the role of institutional development, trade and imperialism, agricultural improvements, and industrialization. Particular attention to comparisons between Britain and other parts of Europe.
    After ECON 115a or b or 150a or b, and ECON 116a or b or 154a or b.


Econ 187a. European Economic History, 1815-1914

Timothy Guinnane [T/Th 9:00-10:15]
An examination of European economic growth and development from the industrialization of Germany and other Continental countries in the early nineteenth century to World War I. Topics include the role of institutional development, the role of trade and imperialism, agricultural improvements, and industrialization.
    After two terms of introductory economics.


Econ 200b. Firms, Markets and Competition

Oleksandr Shcherbakov [M/W 9:00-10:15]
Analysis of imperfectly competitive markets, focusing on the interactions among firm behavior, market structure, and market outcomes. Topics include oligopoly, collusion, predation, firm entry, advertising, and price discrimination as well as public policy implications of market behavior.
    After intermediate microeconomics or equivalent.


Econ 251a. Financial Theory

John Geanakoplos [T/Th 11:35-12:50 LUCE 101]
Capital asset pricing model, arbitrage pricing theory, option pricing, social security, operation of security exchanges, investment banks, securitization, mortgage derivatives, interest rate derivatives, hedge funds, financial crises, agency theory, and financial incentives.
    After introductory microeconomics.


Econ 252b. Financial Markets

Robert Shiller [M/W 9:00-10:15, LC 102]
An overview of the ideas, methods, and institutions that permit human society to manage risks and foster enterprise. A detailed description of practices today as well as an analysis of prospects for the future. An introduction to risk management and behavioral finance principles to provide understanding of the functioning of our securities, insurance, and banking industries.
    After two terms of introductory economics.


Econ 253b. Computational Fianace

Donald Brown [T/Th 1:00-2:15]
The binomial pricing mode is the most widely used method for computing the value of a derivative asset. The binomial pricing model allows the introduction, in a discrete-time setting, of concepts used in continuous-time theory of asset valuation and hedging of risk, including martingales, risk-neutral pricing, and stochastic calculus.
    Prerequisite: MATH 118a or b. After intermediate microeconomics and econometrics.


[Econ 254a. Financial Econometrics]

Staff [M/W 1:00-2:15, WLH 117]
Introduction to empirical methods in finance. Topics include cross-section regression and time series with applications to portfolio theory and option pricing.
    Prerequisite: MATH 118a or b. After intermediate microeconomics and econometrics.


Econ 275b. Public Economics

Ebonya Washington [M/W 2:30-3:45, LUCE 101]
The role of government in the economy and in our economic lives. Reasons for government intervention in the market economy and the impact of government expenditure programs and taxation systems on welfare and behavior. Tools of microeconomics applied to issues such as government response to global warming, the impact of redistribution and social insurance on individual behavior, school choice, social security vs. private retirement savings accounts, and government vs. private health insurance.
    After introductory microeconomics.


Econ 276a. Law and Economics I

Staff [TBA]
Descriptions to follow from Course of Study Committee.
    Prerequisites to follow.


Econ 277b. Law and Economics II

Staff [TBA]
Descriptions to follow from Course of Study Committee
    Prerequisites to follow


[Econ 300a. International Trade Theory and Policy]

Staff [M/W 9:00-10:15, WLH 113]
Theories of comparative advantage, factor abundance, and product differentiation as reasons for trade between countries. The relationship between trade and aggregate welfare; historical and contemporary issues in globalization and trade policy.
    After intermediate microeconomics.


Econ 325a. Economics of Developing Countries

Dean Karlan [TBA]
Analysis of current problems of developing countries. Emphasis on the role of economic theory in informing public policies to achieve improvements in poverty and inequality, and on empirical analysis to understand markets and responses to poverty. Topics include microfinance, education, health, agriculture, intrahousehold allocations, gender, and corruption.
    After introductory microeconomics; after or concurrently with ECON 131 a or b or a course in the STAT 101-106 series.


Econ 327b. African Poverty and Western Aid [Permission of instructor required]

Christopher Blattman [T/Th 9.25-10:15; SSS 114]
Assessment of reasons for Africa's persistent poverty and violence. Theories of an African renaissance led by Western aid versus the inevitability of repeating the mistakes of the past. The politics and economics of poverty, aid, and growth in Africa.
    After introductory microeconomics.


Econ 330a. Economics of Natural Resources

Robert Mendelsohn [M/W/F 10:30-11:20, WLH 201]
Microeconomic theory brought to bear on current issues in natural resource policy. Topics include regulation of pollution, hazardous waste management, depletion of the world?s forests and fisheries, wilderness and wildlife preservation, and energy planning.
    After introductory microeconomics.


Econ 331b. The Economics of Energy and Climate Change

William Nordhaus [M/W 10:30-11:20; DL 220]
The essentials of energy and environmental economics, with applications. Analysis of core topics in public goods, intertemporal choice, uncertainty, decision theory, and exhaustible resources. Applications include energy security, nuclear power, the relationship between nuclear power and nuclear proliferation, and climate change.
    Prerequisite: two terms of introductory economics.


Econ 350a (formerly 155a). Mathematical Economics: Global Equilibrium Theory

Truman Bewley [T/Th 1:00-2:15, WLH 120]
An introduction to general equilibrium theory and its extension to equilibria involving uncertainty and time. Discussion of the economic role of insurance and of intertemporal models, namely, the overlapping generations model and the optimal growth theory model.
    After MATH 118a or b or 120a or b, and intermediate microeconomics, or with permission of instructor.


Econ 351b (formerly 156b). Mathematical Economics: Game Theory

Johannes Horner [T/Th 9:00-10:15]
Introduction to game theory and choice under uncertainty. Analysis of the role of information and uncertainty for individual choice behavior, as well as application to the decision theory under uncertainty. Analysis of strategic interaction among economic agents, leading to the theory of auctions and mechanism design.
    After MATH 118a or b, 120a or b, and intermediate microeconomics , or with permission of instructor.


Econ 491a. The Senior Essay [Permission of instructor required]

Fall: Donald Brown [1 HTBA]
Students deciding to write one-term senior essays by enrolling in ECON 491a, or two-term senior essays by enrolling in ECON 491a and 492b, must choose their topics and advisers by DATE. One semester senior essays are due at the end of the last week of classes in the fall semester. In order to be considered for Distinction in the Major, students must submit three copies of their essay to the Economics department office by the end of the next to last week of classes in the spring semester. Advisers are chosen with the assistance of the director of undergraduate studies.
    The format and character of the departmental senior essay may vary to suit the interest of the student and the demands of the topic, but it is expected that the tools and concepts of economic analysis will be employed and that the essay will contain original research. Paper lengths may vary; the normal expectation is thirty pages. Students may receive up to two credits for the senior essay, though it counts as only one departmental seminar whether one or two terms are taken.
The first meeting is on DATE, or on DATE, in Room 106, 28 Hillhouse Ave. Seniors planning to write a senior essay should attend this meeting. Details regarding calculation of distinction will be discussed and senior essay guidelines will be distributed.


Econ 492b. The Senior Essay [Permission of instructor required]

Donald Brown[1 HTBA]
After Econ 491a.
   
Students deciding to write one-term senior essays by enrolling in ECON 491a, or two-term senior essays by enrolling in ECON 491a and 492b, must choose their topics and advisers by DATE. In order to be considered for Distinction in the Major, students must submit three copies of their essay to the Economics department office by the end of the next to last week of classes in the spring semester. This is also the due date for two-semester senior essays. Advisers are chosen with the assistance of the director of undergraduate studies.
    The format and character of the departmental senior essay may vary to suit the interest of the student and the demands of the topic, but it is expected that the tools and concepts of economic analysis will be employed and that the essay will contain original research. Paper lengths may vary; the normal expectation is thirty pages. Students may receive up to two credits for the senior essay, though it counts as only one departmental seminar whether one or two terms are taken.
The first meeting is on DATE, or on DATE, in Room 106, 28 Hillhouse Ave. Seniors planning to write a senior essay should attend this meeting. Details regarding calculation of distinction will be discussed and senior essay guidelines will be distributed.


Econ 498a/499b. Directed Reading [Permission of instructor required]

Donald Brown[1 HTBA]
Students desiring a directed reading course in special topics in economics not covered in other graduate or undergraduate courses may elect this course, usually not more than once, with written permission of the director of undergraduate studies and of the instructor. The instructor meets with the student regularly, typically for an hour a week, and the student writes a paper or a series of short essays.
    May be elected for one or two terms. Does not meet the requirement for a departmental seminar.


Seminars

Preregistration for junior and senior majors, held in Room 101, 28 Hillhouse Avenue, is required during the designated sign-up period.


Econ 401a. Labor Economics and Welfare Policies

Joseph Altonji [TBA, WLH 120]
Labor markets, labor supply and welfare programs, retirement and social security, wage determination, human capital, gender and racial discrimination, inequality, immigration and migration, unions, and unemployment.
    Enrollment limited.
    After intermediate microeconomics, and econometrics or a course in the Statistics 101-6 sequence.


Econ 402b. Economics of Education

Justine Hastings [T/Th 1:00-2:15 ]
This course will cover academic research in the Economics of Education. Topics include production of student achievement, measuring student achievement, funding of public education, and school choice and school vouchers.
  Prerequisite: After Intermediate Microeconomics or equivalent, Calculus, Econometrics or a course in the Statistics 101-6 sequence.


Econ 403b. Trade and Development [Permission of instructor required]

David Atkin [T/Th 2:30-3:45]
For some developing countries, international trade has brought about rapid growth and large-scale reductions in poverty. Meanwhile for other developing countries, international trade has simply increased inequality and brought little growth. This course will draw on both theoretical models and empirical evidence to better understand the reasons for these very different experiences.
   Prequisites: After intermediate microeconomics as well as one econometrics/statistic course.


Econ 404b. Economics of Population [Permission of instructor required]

Nancy Qian [T/Th 10:30-11:20 1HTBA]
This course investigates issues such as the causes and consequences of declining fertility rates, gender discrimination, disease, famine and wars in the context of developing countries as well as historically in countries that are developed today. The class will use economic methods and students will be expected to solve simple models and replicate empirical studies using STATA. Readings will mainly be based on journal articles, while textbooks are mainly used as a reference. The course will be graded on problem sets and two in-class exams.
Prequisites: Statistics and intermediate microeconomics


Econ 450a. Investment Analysis [Permission of instructor required]

David Swensen, Dean Takahashi [M 1:00-3:25, WLH 011
Examination of investment management in theory and practice. Discussion of asset allocation, investment strategy, and manager selection from the perspective of an institutional investor. Focus on the degree of market efficiency and opportunity for generating attractive returns.


[Econ 452a. Behavioral Finance] [Permission of instructor required]

Staff       [T 1:30-3:20 WLH 203]
The impact of limits to arbitrage; psychological biases on asset prices and investment behavior. Analysis of documented deviations from the predictions of traditional financial theory.
   After intermediate microeconomics, econometrics, and either ECON 251a or 252b.


[Econ 452b. Behavioral Finance] [Permission of instructor required]

Staff        [T 1:30-3:20 WLH 203]
The impact of limits to arbitrage; psychological biases on asset prices and investment behavior. Analysis of documented deviations from the predictions of traditional financial theory.
   After intermediate microeconomics, econometrics, and either ECON 251a or 252b.


Econ 453a. Antitrust Law and Economics [Permission of instructor required]

Alvin Klevorick [M 2:30-4:30]
Exploration of the character, logic, and economic effects of the U.S. antitrust laws, drawing on legal and economic analyses. Topics include the major areas of antitrust law: price fixing and other horizontal restraints of trade, vertical restraints of trade, monopolization, and mergers.
    After Intermediate Microeconomics or equivalent. Preference to students who have completed ECON 200b.


Econ 455b. Information Economy [Permission of instructor required]

Judith Chevalier [W 3:30-5:20]
The economics of information, communication, and electronic commerce. Topics include the communications infrastructure - telephone, broadband, and wireless communications — and the regulation and adoption of these technologies; the basic economics of selected uses of the Internet; the organization of businesses as they are affected by new communications technologies; and intellectual property and antitrust issues in the information economy.
    Prerequisite: Introductory Microeconomics.


Econ 456a. Private Equity Investing [Permission of instructor required]

Michael Schmertzler [M 1:30-3:20, BCT 105]
A case-oriented study of principal issues and investment types found in substantial private equity portfolios. Topics include enterprise valuation, value creation, business economics, negotiation, and legal structure, based on primary source materials and original cases.
    Prerequisite: Intermediate Microeconomics or equivalent, and Econometrics.


Econ 457b. Financial History [Permission of instructor required]

William Goetzmann [W 9:25-11:15 LC 208]
The history of finance and capital markets from the Mesopotamian origins of financial instruments, via the mathematical development of compound interest calculations, to modern times. Focus on innovations in the technology of finance.
    After Intermediate Macroeconomics or equivalent, and Econometrics. No previous training in finance is assumed.


Econ 458b. Earnings Inequalities in the U.S. [Permission of instructor required]

Stephanie Aaronson [TBA]
This course will examine the trends in earnings inequality in the U.S. over the past 30 years. It will review  the process of wage determination and the sources of wage dispersion and explore the factors that may have contributed to the large increase in inequality over this period, including skill-biased technical change, changes in labor market institutions, international trade, outsourcing (off shoring), and wages. It will also examine trends in lifecycle earnings inequality and earnings instability. Finally, it will study the role of policy in ameliorating inequality. Special attention will be given to the empirical techniques economists use to distinguish between these various explanations. 
Prerequisites: Intermediate micro and an econometrics course


Econ 459b. Corporate Finance [Permission of instructor required]

Tri Vi Dang [M 1:30-3:20, BCT 105]
Selected themes in corporate finance. Topics include financial instruments and financing patterns, the valuation of assets, capital structure decisions, taxes, financial contracting, costs of debt and equity finance, internal and external finance, venture capital and private equity finance, and security design.
    After introductory microeconomics.


Econ 460b. Decision-Making, Welfare, and the Brain [Permission of instructor required]

Julian Jamison [M 2:30-4:20, LC203]
Introduction to neuroeconomics. The definition and measurement of subjective well-being; what economic and scientific theories can do to help maximize well-being in everyday life. Readings from a variety of disciplines, including economics, neuroscience, philosophy, and psychology.
    After intermediate microeconomics or equivalent.


Econ 461b. Addiction, Economics and Public Policy [Permission of instructor required]

Jody Sindelar [Th 1:00-2:50, LEPH 103]
Smoking, alcoholism, illicit drugs, and obesity studied from economic and policy perspectives. Focus on causes of and solutions to problems.
    After introductory microeconomics.


Econ 462b. The Economics of Human Capital in Latin America [Permission of instructor required]

Douglas McKee [T 1:30-3:20]
This course provides an overview of issues related to human capital in Latin America.  Specific topics include determinants of health and education, evaluation of human capital development policies, and the role of human capital in a variety of economic contexts including the labor market, immigration, child investment, intra-household bargaining, inequality, and poverty.
Prerequisite: Intermediate Microeconomics and Econometrics


Econ 463a. Economic Problems of Latin America [Permission of instructor required]

Staff [W 3:30-5:20, WLH 204]
Study of historical and current challenges in economic policy faced by Latin America. Topics include privatizations and regulatory reform, competition and trade policies, exchange rate regimes, and governance. Evaluation of reforms, emphasizing their impact on growth, poverty reduction, and the improvement of the distribution of income.
    Prerequisite: intermediate microeconomics or equivalent, and intermediate macroeconomics or equivalent.


Econ 464b. Information and Incentives in Health Care [Permission of instructor required]

Andrew Epstein [T 2:30-4:20, WLH 001]
Topics relating to the provision of medical care in the United States, focusing on features brought about by asymmetric information, uncertainty, and incentive structures.
   After intermediate microeconomics or equivalent.


Econ 465a. Debating Globalization [Permission of instructor required]

Ernesto Zedillo [M 2:30-4:20, PR77 A001]
Facets of contemporary economic globalization, including trade, investment, and migration. Challenges and threats of globalization: inclusion and inequality, emerging global players, global governance, climate change, and nuclear weapons proliferation.
    After two terms of introductory economics. Preference to seniors majoring in Economics or EP&E.


Econ 466a. Economics of Aging [Permission of instructor required]

Douglas McKee [T 2:30-4:20]
This course provides an overview of the economics of aging and retirement. Topics include saving for retirement, the retirement decision itself, design of social security systems, how families decide who cares for the elderly, and how older people decide to whom to leave their assets.
Prerequisite: Intermediate micro and econometrics.


Econ 467a. Issues in Health Economics [Permission of instructor required]

Howard Forman [W 1:30-3:20, WLH 202]
An application of microeconomic, finance, and policy tools to the analysis of health care delivery, domestically and internationally. Health economics theory and applications to central issues in the U.S. health care system.
    TO BE DONE After introductory microeconomics. May not be taken after or concurrently with ECON 170a.


[Econ 468b. Institutions and Incentives in Economic Development] [Permission of instructor required]

Staff [TBA]
Assessment of alternative policies and programs designed to promote economic development; examination of fundamental problems of underdeveloped areas and consideration of how and whether such programs resolve them. The roles of indigenous institutions in low-income countries in alleviating problems of underdevelopment.
    After intermediate microeconomics, and econometrics or a course in the Statistics 101-6 sequence.


Econ 469b. Social Networks [Permission of instructor required]

David Miller [T 3:30-5:20]
Introduction to the study of social networks. Methods draw heavily on game theory, but also incorporate approaches from other disciplines, including sociology, mathematics, and computer science. Important applications include risk sharing and microfinance; job searching; the spread of information, fads, and diseases; supply chains; collusion; and local public goods.
Prerequisite: ECON 156b or 159a.


Econ 470a. Topics in American Economic History: Financial Crises [Permission of instructor required]

Benjamin Chabot [W 1:30-3:20, LC 213]
An empirical study of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century financial crises. Topics include institutions, banking, panics and crashes, the gold standard, capital market integration, deflation, and the Great Depression.
    Prerequisite: Intermediate microeconomics or equivalent, and econometrics or a course in the statistics 101-6 series.


Econ 470b. Topics in American Economic History: Financial Crises [Permission of instructor required]

Benjamin Chabot [W 1:30-3:20, CO493 110]
An empirical study of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century financial crises. Topics include institutions, banking, panics and crashes, the gold standard, capital market integration, deflation, and the Great Depression.
    Prerequisite: intermediate microeconomics or equivalent, and econometrics or a course in the statistics 101-6 series.


Econ 471a. Topics in Medieval Economic History, 1000-1500
  [Permission of instructor required]

Philip Slavin [Th 3:30-5:20]
The seminar surveys the economic development of Western and Central Europe in the High and Late Middle Ages (1000-1500). The weekly discussions are based on the reading of primary and secondary sources.
Pre-requisites: Introductory Microeconomics (Econ115)..


Econ 472a. Theories of Political Economy
  [Permission of instructor required]

Dino Gerardi [Th 2:30-4:20]
This seminar/course is an introduction to recent theories of political economy. We will use gametheoretic models to study the effects of different constitutional structures on the behavior of voters and politicians and the performance of government. We will also analyze collective decisions in small committees and juries. Our goal is to understand how different voting rules aggregate the information and the preferences of the agents.
Prerequisite: Intermediate Microeconomics,


Econ 473b. Equality
[Permission of instructor required]

John Roemer [T 1:30-3:20, LC 213]
Egalitarian theories of justice and their critics. Readings in philosophy are paired with analytic methods from economics. Topics include Rawlsian justice, utilitarianism, the veil of ignorance, Dworkin's resource egalitarianism, Roemer's equality of opportunity, Marxian exploitation, and Nozickian procedural justice. Some discussion of American economic inequality, Nordic social democracy, and the politics of inequality.
   Recommended preparation: intermediate microeconomics.
Econ 474b. Matching and Market Design [Permission of instructor required]
Staff [TBA]
An introduction to the theory of matching and market design, which addresses issues such as matching students with schools, workers with firms, and potential organ donors with patients. Application of the theory to various fields; emphasis on recent advances.
    Prerequisite: ECON 115a or b or equivalent, or with permission of instructor.


Econ 476a. Topics in International Economics [Permission of instructor required]

Miguel Ramirez [W 1:30-3:20, WLH 011]
Recent developments in international economics. Trade policy and market structure; the economics of trading blocs such as the EEC and NAFTA; the economic consequences of continued U.S. external deficits; globalization and inequality; exchange rates, interest rates, and volatility; speculative capital flows and exchange rate policies; and financial crises and the prospects for the European Monetary Union.
    Prerequisite: intermediate microeconomics or equivalent, and intermediate macroeconomics or equivalent.


Econ 478a. Economic Development of India and Southeast Asia [Permission of instructor required]

T.N. Srinivasan [W 2:30-4:20, WLH 004]
Colonial antecedents of low levels of economic and social development in India and, more broadly, in other South Asian countries. Failings and achievements of the state-directed and inward-oriented development strategy of the first four decades after independence from colonial rule. Developments since India and the region initiated systemic economic reforms and reintegrated their economies with the world economy, allowing market forces to play a large role in economic decisions. Comparison of the performance of India and China since 1980.
    After introductory microeconomics and introductory macroeconomics.


Econ 479a. Economic Development of Japan [Permission of instructor required]

Koichi Hamada [Th 1:30-3:20, WALL81 401]
Japan's economic development, with attention to the period of tremendous success in the 1960s and the recession of the 1990s. The nature of incentive mechanisms; institutions behind the history of modern and contemporary Japan.
    After introductory microeconomics and introductory macroeconomics. May not be taken after Econ 429a.


Econ 480b. Topics in Macroeconomics [Permission of instructor required]

Irasema Alonso [W 3:30-5:20]
Description forthcoming.
    Prerequisite: Intermediate Microeconomics


[Econ 483a. The Economy, Elections and Markets] [Permission of instructor required]

Ray Fair [Th 3:30-5:20 CO493 313]
The effect of the economy on voting behavior, the use of betting markets to predict election outcomes and other events, and the effect of election outcomes on stock prices.
    Preference to students who have completed ECON 161a or b and 166b or ECON 162a and 163b.


Econ 484a. The United States Banking System
[Permission of instructor required]

Nicholas Perna [T 1:30-3:20, CO493 110]
The structure and functions of the U.S. banking system, with special attention to the role of the Federal Reserve, private sector banks, and other related financial institutions in the overall economy. The appropriate role of monetary policy in promoting economic growth and stability; the U.S. banking system as compared with foreign systems; and future evolution of the U.S. banking system, including the role of electronic commerce.
    After intermediate macroeconomics or equivalent.


Econ 488a. Experimental Economics [Permission of instructor required]

Shyam Sunder [T 1:30-3:20 PR135 B74]
The use of economic experiments to investigate the economic behavior of individuals and markets. Students are actively involved in the design, execution, and analysis of experiments. Examples of experiments include auctions, information aggregation, and asset markets and public goods provision.
    After intermediate microeconomics or equivalent.
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