Center Discussion Papers
Nos. 901-1010

901.  Schultz, T. Paul, "Demographic Determinants of Savings:   Estimating and Interpreting the Aggregate Association in Asia," December 2004.   (36 pp.)
902.  Akresh, Richard, "Risk, Network Quality, and Family Structure:  Child Fostering Decisions in Burkina Faso," January 2005.   (42 pp.)
903.  Schultz, T. Paul, "Productive Benefits of Health:   Evidence from Low-Income Countries," January 2005.  (30 pp.)
904.  Engel, Eduardo, "A Pro-Market Agenda for El Salvador," January 2005.  (31 pp.)
905.  Budra? Lutz, Jonas Scherner, & Jochen Streb, "Demystifying the German 'Armament Miracle' During World War II.  New Insights from the Annual Audits of German Aircraft Producers," January 2005.  (40 pp.)
906.  Doss, Cheryl R. & John G. McPeak, "Are Household Production Decisions Cooperative?  Evidence on Pastoral Migration and Milk Sales from Northern Kenya," January 2005.  (42 pp.)
907.  Guinnane, Timothy W., "Trust:  A Concept Too Many," February 2005.  (34 pp.)
908.  Hamada, Koichi & Asahi Noguchi, "The Role of Preconceived Ideas in Macroeconomic Policy:  Japan's Experiences in the Two Deflationary Periods," March 2005.  (58 pp.)
909.  Karlan, Dean S., "Using Experimental Economics to Measure Social Capital and Predict Financial Decisions," April 2005.  (19 pp.)
910.  Hamada, Koichi & Shyam Sunder, "Information Asymmetry and the Problem of Transfers in Trade Negotiations and International Agencies," May 2005.   (35 pp.)
911.  Karlan, Dean S. & Jonathan Zinman, "Observing Unobservables:  Identifying Information Asymmetries with a Consumer Credit Field Experiment," May 2005.  (57 pp.)  (A revised version has replaced the original discussion paper:  "Observing Unobservables:  Identifying Information Asymmetries with a Consumer Credit Field Experiment," revised June 17, 2006.)
912.  Witoelar, Firman, "Inter-household Allocations within Extended Family:  Evidence from the Indonesia Family Life Survey," May 2005.  (46 pp.)
913.  Karlan, Dean S., "Social Connections and Group Banking," June 2005.  (39 pp.)
914.  Conning, Jonathan & Christopher Udry, "Rural Financial Markets in Developing Countries," June 2005.  (86 pp.)
915.  Endoh, Masahiro, "Cross-Border Donations and Pareto-Efficient Tariffs," June 2005.  (30 pp.)
916.  Ranis, Gustav, Frances Stewart, & Emma Samman, "Human Development:   Beyond the HDI," June 2005.  (36 pp.)
917.  Ashraf, Nava, Dean S. Karlan, & Wesley Yin, "Tying Odysseus to the Mast: Evidence from a Commitment Savings Product in the Philippines," July 2005.   (40 pp.)
918.  Bertrand, Marianne, Dean S. Karlan, Sendhil Mullainathan, Eldar Shafir, and Jonathan Zinman, "What's Psychology Worth? A Field Experiment in the Consumer Credit Market," July 2005.  (57 pp.)
919.  Brambilla, Irene & Guido G. Porto, "Farm Productivity and Market Structure.  Evidence From Cotton Reforms in Zambia," July 2005.  (41 pp.)
920.  Szirmai, Adam, Ruoen Ren, & Manyin Bai, "Chinese Manufacturing Performance in Comparative Perspective, 1980-2002," July 2005.  (71 pp.)
921.  Besley, Timothy, Rohini Pande, & Vijayendra Rao, "Political Selection and the Quality of Government:  Evidence from South India," July 2005.  (42 pp.)
922.  Pande, Rohini, "Profits and Politics:   Coordinating Technology Adoption in Agriculture," August 2005.  (26 pp.)
923.  Duflo, Esther & Rohini Pande, "Dams," August 2005.   (55 pp.)
924.  Bond, Philip & Rohini Pande, "Coordinating Development:   Can Income-based Incentive Schemes Eliminate Pareto Inferior Equilibria?" October 2005.  (37 pp.)
925.  Schultz, T. Paul, "Fertility and Income," October 2005.  (29 pp.)
926.  Karlan, Dean & Jonathan Zinman, "Elasticities of Demand for Consumer Credit," October 2005.  (42 pp.)  (A revised version has replaced the original discussion paper:  "Credit Elasticities in Less-Developed Economies:  Implications for Microfinance," revised December 6, 2006.)
927.  Bayer, Patrick, Stephen L. Ross, & Giorgio Topa, "Place of Work and Place of Residence:  Informal Hiring Networks and Labor Market Outcomes," November 2005.  (35 pp.)
928.  Pande Rohini & Christopher Udry, "Institutions and Development:  A View from Below," November 2005. (59 pp.)
929.  Goldstein, Markus & Christopher Udry, "The Profits of Power:  Land Rights and Agricultural Investment in Ghana," November 2005.  (46 pp.)
930.  Ashraf, Nava, Dean Karlan, & Wesley Yin, "Deposit Collectors," December 2005.  (27 pp.)
931.  Endoh, Masahiro & Koichi Hamada, "On the Conditions that Preclude the Existence of the Lerner Paradox and the Metzler Paradox," February 2006.  (17 pp.)
932.  Udry, Christopher & Santosh Anagol, "The Return to Capital in Ghana," March 2006.  (13 pp.)
933.  Rosenzweig, Mark R. & Junsen Zhang, "Do Population Control Policies Induce More Human Capital Investment?  Twins, Birthweight, and China's 'One Child' Policy," March 2006.  (50 pp.)
934.  Hale, Galina & Cheryl Long, "What Determines Technological Spillovers of Foreign Direct Investment:  Evidence from China," April 2006.  (31 pp.)  (A revised version has replaced the original discussion paper:  "Is There Evidence of FDI Spillover on Chinese Firms' Productivity and Innovation?" revised January 2007.)
935.  Schultz, T. Paul, "Does the Liberalization of Trade Advance Gender Equality in Schooling and Health?," May 2006.  (44 pp.)
936.  Gine, Xavier, Pamela Jakiela, Dean Karlan, & Jonathan Morduch, "Microfinance Games," June 2006.  (46 pp.)  (A revised version has replaced the original discussion paper:  "Microfinance Games" revised May 1, 2009.)
937.  Engel, Eduardo, Ronald Fischer, & Alexander Galetovic, "Renegotiation Without Holdup:  Anticipating Spending and Infrastructure Concessions," June 2006.  (15 pp.)
938.  Ranis, Gustav, "Toward the Enhanced Effectiveness of Foreign Aid," June 2006.  (19 pp.)
939.  Ashraf, Nava, Dean Karlan, & Wesley Yin, "Household Decision Marking and Savings Impacts:  Further Evidence from a Commitment Savings Product in the Philippines," June 2006.  (27 pp.)
940.  Gin? Xavier & Dean Karlan, "Group versus Individual Liability:  A Field Experiment from the Philippines," July 2006.  (38 pp.)
941.  Karlan, Dean & Martin Valdivia, "Teaching Entrepreneurship:  Impact of Business Training on Microfinance Clients and Institutions," July 2006.  (44 pp.)  (A revised version has replaced the original discussion paper:  "Teaching Entrepreneurship:  Impact of Business Training on Microfinance Clients and Institutions," revised May 2009.)
942.  Ramirez, Miguel D., "A Panel Unit Root and Panel Cointegration Test of the Complementarity Hypothesis in the Mexican Case, 1960-2001," August 2006.  (28 pp.)
943.  Ranis, Gustav & Frances Stewart, "Successful Transition towards a Virtuous Cycle of Human Development and Economic Growth:  Country Studies," September 2006.  (32 pp.)
944.  Suri, Tavneet, "Selection and Comparative Advantage in Technology Adoption," September 2006.  (35 pp.)
945.  Brown, Donald J. & Ravi Kannan, "Two Algorithms for Solving the Walrasian Equilibrium Inequalities," October 2006.  (9 pp.)
946.  Brown, Donald J., Rahul Deb, & Marten H. Wegkamp, "Tests of Independence in Separable Econometric Models:  Theory and Application," October 2006.  (26 pp.)
947.  Thirumurthy, Harsha, Joshua Graff Zivin, & Markus Goldstein, "The Economic Impact of AIDS Treatment:  Labor Supply in Western Kenya," November 2006.  (47 pp.)
948.  Doss, Cheryl, John McPeak, & Christopher Barrett, "Interpersonal, Intertemporal and Spatial Variation in Risk Perceptions:  Evidence from East Africa," November 2006.  (35 pp.)
949.  Ashraf, Nava, Dean Karlan, & Wesley Yin, "Female Empowerment:  Impact of a Commitment Savings Product in the Philippines," December 2006.  (25 pp.)
950.  Ranis, Gustav, "Migration, Trade, Capital and Development:  Substitutes, Complements and Policies," January 2007.  (16 pp.)
951.  Joshi, Shareen & T. Paul Schultz, "Family Planning as an Investment in Development:  Evaluation of a Program's Consequences in Matlab, Bangladesh," February 2007.  (74 pp.)
952.  Caballero, Ricardo J. & Eduardo M.R.A. Engel, "Price Stickiness in Ss Models:  New Interpretations of Old Results," February 2007.  (28 pp.)
953.  Schultz, T. Paul, "Fertility in Developing Countries," May 2007.  (10 pp.)
954.  Schultz, T. Paul, "Population Policies, Fertility, Women's Human Capital, and Child Quality," May 2007.  (54 pp.)
955.  Mwabu, Germano, "Health Economics for Low-Income Countries," May 2007.  (79 pp.)
956.  Karlan, Dean & Jonathan Zinman, "Expanding Credit Access: Using Randomized Supply Decisions to Estimate Impacts," July 2007.  (45 pp.)
957.  Engel, Eduardo, Ronald Fischer, & Alexander Galetovic, "The Basic Public Finance of Public-Private Partnerships," July 2007.  (54 pp.)  (Revised February 2008, 62 pp.)
958.  Ranis, Gustav, Frances Stewart, & Emma Samman, "Country Patterns of Behavior on Broader Dimensions of Human Development," November 2007.  (34 pp.)
959.  Guinnane, Timothy, Ron Harris, Naomi R. Lamoreaux, & Jean-Laurent Rosenthal, "Ownership and Control in the Entrepreneurial Firm:  An International History of Private Limited Companies," December 2007.  (63 pp.)
960.  Engel, Eduardo & Ronald Fischer, "Optimal Resource Extraction Contracts Under Threat of Expropriation," January 2008.  (31 pp.)
961.  Endoh, Masahiro, Koichi Hamada, & Koji Shimomura, "Can a Preferential Trade Agreement Benefit Neighbor Countries without Compensating Them?," January 2008.  (30 pp.)
962.  Guinnane, Timothy W. & Sheilagh Oglivie, "Institutions and Demographic Responses to Shocks:  Wuerttemberg, 1634-1870," March 2008. (62 pp.)
963.  Mwabu, Germano, "The Production of Child Health in Kenya: A Structural Model of Birth Weight," June 2008. (38 pp.)
964.  Munshi, Kaivan & Mark Rosenzweig, "The Efficacy of Parochial Politics: Caste, Commitment, and Competence in Indian Local Governments," September 2008.  (47 pp.)
965.  Li, Hongbin, Mark Rosenzweig, & Junsen Zhang, "Altruism, Favoritism, and Guilt in the Allocation of Family Resources: Sophie's Choice in Mao's Mass Send Down Movement," September 2008.  (42 pp.)
966.  Ploeckl, Florian, "Borders, Market Size and Urban Growth, The Case of Saxon Towns and the Zollverein in the 19th Century," December 2008.  (62 pp.)
967.  Ashraf, Nava, Xavier Gin? & Dean Karlan, "Finding Missing Markets (and a disturbing epilogue): Evidence from an Export Crop Adoption and Marketing Intervention in Kenya," December 2008.  (39 pp.)
968.  Bertrand, Marianne, Dean Karlan, Sundhil Mullainathan, Eldar Shafir, & Jonathan Zinman, "What's Advertising Content Worth?  Evidence from a Consumer Credit Marketing Field Experiment," January 2009.  (34 pp.)
969.  Hahn, Jinyong, Keisuke Hirano, & Dean Karlan, "Adaptive Experimental Design Using the Propensity Score," January 2009; revised July 22, 2009.  (28 pp.)
970.  Gin? Xavier & Dean Karlan, "Group versus Individual Liability: Long Term Evidence from Philippine Microcredit Lending Groups," May 2009.  (36 pp.)
971.  Carruthers, Bruce G., Timothy W. Guinnane, & Yoonseok Lee, "Bringing 'Honest Capital' to Poor Borrowers: The Passage of the Uniform Small Loan Law, 1907-1930," May 2009.  (41 pp.)
972.  Chabot, Benjamin & Christopher Kurz, "That's Where the Money Was: Foreign Bias and English Investment Abroad, 1866-1907," June 2009.  (34 pp.)
973.  Karlan, Dean, "Cairo Evaluation Clinic:  Thoughts on Randomized Trials for Evaluations of Development," June 2009.  (9 pp.)
974.  Schultz, T. Paul, "Population and Health Policies," July 2009.  (99 pp.)
975.  Ranis, Gustav, "Economics, Area Studies and Human Development," July 2009.  (11 pp.)
976.  Karlan, Dean & Jonathan Zinman, "Expanding Microenterprise Credit Access: Using Randomized Supply Decisions to Estimate the Impacts in Manila," July 2009. (35 pp.)
977.  Ranis, Gustav, "Diversity of Communities and Economic Development:  An Overview," September 2009; revised October 2010.  (17 pp.)
978.  Guinnane, Timothy W. & Jochen Streb, "Moral Hazard in a Mutual Health-Insurance System: German Knappschaften, 1867-1914," September 2009.  (53 pp.)
979.  Schultz, T. Paul, "The Gender and Generational Consequences of the Demographic Transition and Population Policy:  As Assessment of the Micro and Macro Linkages," October 2009.  (27 pp.)
980.  Bryan, Gharad, Dean Karlan, & Scott Nelson, "Commitment Contracts," October 2009.  (37 pp.)
981.  Fenske, James, "Does Land Abundance Explain African Institutions?" November 2009.  (62 pp.)
982.  Fardmanesh, Mohsen & Li Tan, "Structural Change in Transition Economies:  Does Foreign Aid Matter?" December 2009.  (23 pp.)
983.  Rosenzweig, Mark R., "Global Wage Inequality and the International Flow of Migrants," January 2010.  (32 pp.)
984.  Foster, Andrew D. & Mark R. Rosenzweig, "Microeconomics of Technology Adoption," January 2010.  (43 pp.)
985.  Rosenzweig, Mark R., "Microeconomic Approaches to Development:  Schooling, Learning, and Growth," March 2010.  (16 pp.)
986.  Atkin, David, "Trade, Tastes and Nutrition in India," April 2010. (83 pp.)
987.  Guinnane, Timothy W. & Susana Martinez-Rodriguez, "Did the Cooperative Start Life as a Joint-Stock Company?  Business Law and Cooperatives in Spain, 1869-1931," June 2010.  (34 pp.)
988.  Karlan, Dean, Margaret McConnell, Sendhil Mullainathan, & Jonathan Zinman, "Getting to the Top of Mind: How Reminders Increase Saving," July 2010.  (40 pp.)
989.  Pitt, Mark M., Mark R. Rosenzweig, & Nazmul Hassan, "Human Capital Investment and the Gender Division of Labor in a Brawn-Based Economy," September 2010.  (55 pp.)
990.  Guinnane, Timothy W., "The Historical Fertility Transition:  A Guide for Economists," October 2010.  (42 pp.)
991.  Foster, Andrew D. & Mark R. Rosenzweig, "Is There Surplus Labor in Rural India?," October 2010.  (48 pp.)
992.  Horii, Ryo & Masako Ikefuji, "Natural Disasters in a Two-Sector Model of Endogenous Growth," November 2010.  (39 pp.)
993.  Barnes, Geoffrey & Timothy W. Guinnane, "Social Class and the Fertility Transition:  A Critical Comment on the Statistical Results Reported in Simon Szreter's Fertility, Class and Gender in Britain, 1860-1940," November 2010.  (21 pp.)
994.  Adhvaryu, Achyuta & Nyshadham, Anant, "Healthcare Choices, Information and Health Outcomes," March 2011.  (60 pp.)
995.  Adhvaryu, Achyuta & Nyshadham, Anant, "Labor Supply, Schooling and the Returns to Healthcare in Tanzania," March 2011. (34 pp.)
996.  Adhvaryu, Achyuta & Nyshadham, Anant, "Labor Complementarities and Health in the Agricultural Household," March 2011 (58 pp.)
997.  Weese, Eric  "Political Mergers as Coalition Formation," April 2011. (46 pp.)
998.  Adhvaryu, Achyuta & Nyshadham, Anant, "Endowments and Investments within the Household: Evidence from Iodine Supplementation in Tanzania," June 2011. (47 pp.)
999.  Agir, Seven, "The Evolution of Grain Policy beyond Europe: Ottoman Grain Administration in the Late Eighteenth Century," June 2011. (37 pp.)
1000. Adhvaryu, Achyuta, "Learning, Misallocation, and Technology Adoption: Evidence from New Malaria Therapy in Tanzania," September 2011. (35 pp.)
1001. Ranis, Gustav "Diversity of Communities and Economic Development: An Overview," September 2011. (20 pp.)
1002. Ranis, Gustav, Mallory Irons, & Yanjing Huang, "Technology Change: Sources and Impediments," September 2011. (42 pp.)
1003. Ranis, Gustav, Stephen Kosack, & Ken Togo, "The New Model of Foreign Aid Drawn from the Experiences of Japan and the United States," September 2011. (50 pp.)
1004. Ranis, Gustav, "Technology and Human Development," September 2011. (22 pp.)

1005.Chong, Alberto, DeLaO., Ana, Karlan, Dean, Wantchekon, Leonard, "Looking Beyond the Incumbent: The Effects of Exposing Corruption on Electoral Outcomes," January 2012. (40 pp.)

1006. Karlan, Dean, "Hey Look at Me:The Effect of Giving Circles on Giving," December 2011 (19 pp.)
1007. Mobarak, A. Mushfiq, Rosenzweig, Mark, "Selling Formal Insurance to the Informally Insured," February 2012 (42 pp.)
1008. Rosenzweig, Mark, Zhang, Junsen, "Economic Growth, Comparative Advantage, and Gender Differences in Schooling Outcomes: Evidence from the Birthweight Differences of Chinese Twins," February 2012, (48 pp.)
1009. Bryan, Gharad, Zinman, Jonathan, Karlan, Dean, "You Can Pick Your Friends, But You Need to Watch Them: Loan Screening and Enforcement in a Referrals Field Experiment," January 2012, (39 pp.)
1010. Bruhn, Miriam, Karlan, Dean, Schoar, Antoinette, "The Impact of Consulting Services on Small and Medium Enterprises: Evidence from a Randomized Trial in Mexico," February 2012 (30 pp.)